Kafka vs RabbitMQ vs Pulsar
These three systems solve different messaging problems even though they all move events. This comparison focuses on durability, ordering, and operational ove...
How to Setup Custom PyPI Index URL in Different Environments
When working with private Python packages or using a custom PyPI repository (like Azure Artifacts, AWS CodeArtifact, JFrog Artifactory, or a self-hosted PyPI...
Authentication vs Authorization: Deep Dive
Authentication verifies who the caller is, while authorization determines what the caller can do. In distributed systems, confusing these layers leads to ove...
Real-World Distributed System Failures
Learning from production failures is critical for building reliable distributed systems. This post analyzes real-world incidents from major tech companies, e...
Static Site Hosting with Azure Storage and AWS S3
Static site hosting has become increasingly popular for deploying websites that don't require server-side processing. Both Azure Blob Storage and AWS S3 prov...
Setting Up OpenTelemetry for Java Applications
OpenTelemetry is an open-source observability framework that provides a unified set of APIs, libraries, and instrumentation to capture distributed traces, me...
Setting Up OpenTelemetry for Go Applications
OpenTelemetry is an open-source observability framework that provides a unified set of APIs, libraries, and instrumentation to capture distributed traces, me...
Setting Up OpenTelemetry for .NET Applications
OpenTelemetry is an open-source observability framework that provides a single set of APIs, libraries, agents, and instrumentation to capture distributed tra...
Using Terraform HTTP Provider to Make HTTP Calls for Provisioning and Decommissioning
Terraform's HTTP provider allows you to make HTTP requests as part of your infrastructure-as-code workflow. This is particularly useful when you need to inte...
Terraform Basics and Getting Started
Terraform is an open-source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool developed by HashiCorp. It allows you to define and provision infrastructure resources using a ...
Rate Limiting Algorithms Compared
Rate limiting is a core control for API reliability and abuse prevention. The algorithm you choose determines fairness, burst tolerance, and operational comp...
Distributed Locks — Correct vs Dangerous
Distributed locks are one of the most misunderstood primitives in distributed systems. While they seem conceptually simple, implementing them correctly requi...
Self-Healing Infrastructure
Self-healing infrastructure reduces incident toil by detecting failure signals and triggering deterministic remediation workflows. The goal is not to hide pr...
Observability Maturity Model
An observability maturity model helps teams evaluate their current capabilities and prioritize investments. It aligns telemetry, tooling, and culture to prog...
Read Replicas: Real Use Cases and Implementation Patterns
Read replicas are often introduced for scaling, but their real value is in isolating read-heavy workloads from write paths. This post explains how to use rep...